A principle, known as the equation of continuity , describes how the velocity of a liquid changes as it moves through a channel. Essentially, it declares that for an constant density liquid, the mass flow rate persists unchanged along a direction. Mathematically, this is expressed as A₁V₁ = A₂V₂, wh

Thomson's Plum Pudding model, while groundbreaking for its time, faced several shortcomings as scientists developed a deeper understanding of atomic structure. One major limitation was its inability to explain the results of Rutherford's gold foil experiment. The model suggested that alpha particles